Infectious Disease Research
Virology
Retroviruses
Secondary Biological Evaluation
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Variation in Multiplicity of Infection
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Variation in Time of Drug Addition
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Pretreatment or Post-treatment Variations
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Range of Cell Lines
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Range of antiviral action
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Range of Non-retro viruses
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Chronic Infection
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Latent Infection
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Virucidal Evaluations
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Coreceptor Evaluations
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Variation in Multiplicity of Infection:
Compounds are evaluated for activity when challenged at various multiplicities of infection, ranging from 0.01 to 1.3.
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Variation in Time of Drug Addition:
Compounds are evaluated for optimal time of drug addition by drug addition at various times pre- and post-infection. These assays are performed at low and high MOI.
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Pretreatment or Post-treatment Variations:
Evaluations are performed to determine the activity of drug when present only before infection or after infection. Evaluations may also include multiple addition of the compound over extended periods of time.
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Range of Cell Lines:
Compounds are evaluated for their ability to inhibit HIV infection in a variety of phenotypically distinct established human cell lines, including T-cells, B-cells, monocyte-macrophages, dendritic as well as fresh human cells.
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Range of antiviral action:
Compounds are evaluated for their ability to inhibit the replication of NSI, SI, subtype (clade) and resistant viruses representative of the available quasi species of HIV-1. Compounds are also assessed for activity against multiple representatives of other retrovirus types including, HIV-2, SHIV and SIV. Panels of various virus quasi species and subtypes can be specifically designed for your study or pre-existing panels can be used. Potential panels are:
- Long-term non-progressors and recent sero-converters.
- (Multiple SI (X4) and NSI subtypes, as well as dual tropic viruses (X4/R5).
- Panels of subtype representative viruses with multiple representative of each subtype.
- Resistant viruses:
- Expressing single or multiple mutations associated with resistance to clinically relevant therapies.
- Multi-drug resistant isolates derived from antiviral experiences patients.
- In vitro-derived viruses to current antiviral drugs.
- Up to 60 subtype B representative viruses.
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Range of Non-retro viruses:
Compounds are evaluated for their ability to inhibit the replication of a variety of virus isolates, including herpesviruses, cytomegalovirus, influenza and other respiratory viruses, and hepatitis B and C.
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Chronic Infection:
Compounds are evaluated for their ability to inhibit virus production from chronically infected cells. These assays include the use of chronically infected CEM-SS, H9, MT2, U937 cells with a variety of laboratory adapted viruses. In addition to cell lines we also have the capability to analyze the effect of compounds on PBMCs chronically infected with a variety of low passage HIV-1 virus isolates.
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Latent Infection:
Compounds are evaluated for their ability to inhibit virus production from latently infected cell lines induced to produce virus in response to stimulation by phorbol esters, tumor necrosis factor alpha or IL-l. Assays include the use of U1, ACH-2 and OM 10.1 cells.
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Virucidal Evaluations:
Compounds are evaluated for their ability to directly inactivate virus. Compounds can be evaluated for direct or indirect viricidal activity in cell-free and cell-associated models.
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Coreceptor Evaluations:
Compounds and viruses can be evaluated for their specific effects on the CXCR4 (X4) and CCR5 (R5) coreceptor, as well as other coreceptors of potential interest. Coreceptor-based studies include:
- Specific virus typing of primary virus isolates or viruses subspecies resulting from selection against specific coreceptor active agents.
- Evaluation and identification of compounds with activity against coreceptors.
- Secondary evaluations of inhibitors by ligands displacement and effects on chemokine ligand-induced Ca++ flux.
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Anti-HIV Evaluation
Confirmatory HIV Assays
Secondary Biological Assays
Topical Microbicide Program
Combination Assays
